Crustaceans in Mangroves: Bioindicator Potential for Ecosystem Health Assessment - Review

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems, renowned for their exceptional productivity, play a pivotal role in sequestering carbon in tropical coastal regions, while simultaneously offering a spectrum of socio-economic advantages. They are considered among the most significant coastal environments. Paradoxically, mangrove forests are dwindling at an accelerated pace, surpassing the rate of decline witnessed in coral reefs and rainforests, with annual estimates ranging from one to two percent. The phenomenon of mangrove loss transcends geographical boundaries, affecting both urbanized locales and areas focused on tourism. Given the profound importance of mangrove ecosystems, there is an imperative need to establish robust indices for the comprehensive assessment of their ecological health. A variety of indices have been developed for this purpose, the Mangrove Quality Index being a pertinent example. These indices are substantially informed by the utilization of bioindicators that inhabit mangrove ecosystems, notably the decapod crustaceans known as crabs. Crabs, particularly those belonging to the infraorder Brachyura, have garnered recognition as preeminent bioindicators of mangrove forest health. Their eminent status as bioindicators is attributed to their distinctive ability to convey information regarding pollution within their specific substrates, their role as a dietary resource for a diverse array of predators, and their propensity to consume litter from the mangrove forests. These intrinsic attributes position them as exceptional candidates for appraising the well-being of these invaluable ecosystems. In the context of this review, we undertake a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between Brachyura crabs and mangrove ecosystems. This investigation delves deeply into the ramifications of crab feeding preferences and their ecological lifestyle on the dynamics of mangrove ecosystems. The ensuing analysis is poised to provide an intricate understanding of the pivotal role that crabs play in the assessment and preservation of mangrove ecosystem wellness.