Archives

• 3D Printing in Artificial Organs and Medical Implants: Technologies, Applications, and Future Perspectives

  Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026)

  Growing demand for organ transplants alongside the crisis of suitable donors has propelled advances and in regenerative medicine and biomedical engineering. Three-Dimensional (3D) organ printing is a modern technology that meets the criteria for building functional biological structures while maintaining requirements of biomaterial science and additive manufacturing. 3D-printed medical implants are highly customised and functionally appropriate, reducing immune rejection rates and dependence on organ donors. Currently, there are several techniques of 3D printing, like FDM, DLP, SLS, etc. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages from the point of material selection, physical and chemical conditions of printing ink, process requirements, and final products. Recent decades' major advancements in 3D printing technology, tissue engineering, and printing materials have enhanced the resolution, viability, and functionality of printed tissues. This technology has now shifted towards more complex structures like kidneys, hearts, and livers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most popular 3D printing technology used for 3D organ printing, progress, materials, and emerging applications. It also focused on the multidisciplinary nature and potential of 3D printing and discussed existing challenges and future perspectives to better utilize 3D printing to increase surgical efficiency and patient satisfaction.

• Recent Advances in Metal and Metal Alloy–Based Orthopedic Implants: Processing Strategies, Clinical Challenges, and Future Perspectives

  Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026)

  Orthopedic implants are essential in the restoration of skeletal functions lost through trauma, disease, or congenital abnormalities. Specifically, among biomaterials, metals and metal alloys are the most prominent and popular choice for bearing-loading implants based on their strength, fracture work-of-compliance, wear properties, and long-term utilization in the body. Traditionally, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, and titanium alloys have been prominent due to their strength and durability under physiological stresses, as well as their anticorrosion properties in biological fluids. Interestingly, recent innovations in metallurgical processing and surface modification have significantly enhanced the performance capabilities and durability of life spans. Processing methods, such as powder metallurgy and rapid prototyping, provide microstructural and geometric designs for implants, while surface modification methods improve efforts directed at enhancement via impedance integration. However, current long-term clinical capabilities are hampered by limitations such as stress-protected implants, ion toxicity, wear-away properties, and reduced impedance bonding. In recent years, emerging innovations such as alloying with biocompatible elements (e.g., Niobium, Zirconium, and Molybdenum) and nanoscale surface modifications have attracted increasing attention, highlighting the need for a comprehensive evaluation of next-generation metallic biomaterials for orthopedic applications. This review gives a comprehensive analysis of recent metallic implants, highlights their mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and surface modification strategies. Furthermore, it also touches existing challenges during processing and clinical application and emphasizes future research directions for next-generation orthopedic implant materials.